Mo-99 is mostly produced by fission of U-235 targets in a nuclear research reactor, much of this (75% in 2016) using high-enriched uranium (HEU) targets. World demand for Mo-99 was 23,000 six-day TBq/yr* in 2012, but has apparently dropped back to about 19,500 since. For I-131, 75% is from IRE, 25% from NTP. Russia is keen to increase its share of world supply, and in 2012 some 66% of its radioisotope production was exported. Output from each varies due to maintenance schedules. The rest is from BR-2 in Belgium (10%), Maria in Poland (5%), Safari-1 in South Africa (10-15%), Opal in Australia (increasing to 20% from mid-2016), and until the end of 2015, Osiris in France (5%). Over half of the Mo-99 has been made in two reactors: NRU in Canada (30-40% but ceased production in October 2016) and HFR in the Netherlands (30%). About 40% of it is supplied by MDS Nordion, 25% from Mallinckrodt (formerly Covidien), 17% from IRE, and 10% from NTP. Of fission radioisotopes, the vast majority of demand is for of Mo-99 (for Tc-99m), and the world market is some $550 million per year. ETRR-2 in Egypt (forthcoming: supplied to domestic market).
![examples of nuclear fission examples of nuclear fission](https://dashamlav.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/nuclear-fission-fusion-dashamlav.jpg)
![examples of nuclear fission examples of nuclear fission](https://www.mpg.de/11748009/original-1510748952.jpg)
![examples of nuclear fission examples of nuclear fission](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JsL6PAAEtnw/Xlc4VAw-OZI/AAAAAAAAA94/_HZnwijFZ_o529PDG-Ggrxpo8RnrFCNVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/fusion.png)
Isotopes are variants of a given chemical element that have nuclei with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Radioisotopes, nuclear power process heat and non-stationary power reactors have essential uses across multiple sectors, including consumer products, food and agriculture, industry, medicine and scientific research, transport, and water resources and the environment.The applications of nuclear technology outside of civil electricity production in power plants are less well-known.Today most people are aware of the important contribution nuclear energy makes in providing a significant proportion of the world's low-carbon electricity. The first power station to produce electricity by using heat from the splitting of uranium atoms began operating in the 1950s.